An overview of ozanimod as a therapeutic option for adults with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 involving a dysregulated immune response. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in immune cell regulation. S1P-receptor modulators, such as ozanimod, inhibit lymphocyte migration and have therapeutic potential in UC.
Areas covered:Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 Ozanimod is the first S1P-receptor modulator approved for the Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 treatment of UC. It acts as a functional antagonist, causing Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 internalization of S1P receptors on T-cells. Lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes is inhibited, and migration to sites of active inflammation is curtailed. There are several S1P-receptor subtypes, present in various Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 organs, which inform understanding of ozanimod's side-effect profile including bradycardia and macular edema. In this review, the authors discuss the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of ozanimod in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe UC.
Expert opinion: The S1P-receptor modulator ozanimod is an oral small molecule with a rapid onset of action and Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 a novel therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of UC. It is an effective treatment both in bio-naïve and bio-exposed patients. Although the safety profile of ozanimod looks favorable, more long-term data are needed. Further studies are required to compare ozanimod to currently available therapies to best define its positioning in UC treatment algorithms.
Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; ozanimod; small molecules; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators; ulcerative colitis.
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expert (adj.)
late 14c., "having had experience; skillful," from Old French expert , espert "experienced, Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 practiced, skilled" and directly from Latin expertus (contracted from *experitus ), "tried, proved, known by experience," past participle of experiri "to try, test," from ex "out of" (see ex-) + peritus "experienced, tested," from PIE *per-yo- , suffixed form of root *per- (3) "to try, risk." The adjective tends to be accented on the second syllable, the noun on the first. Related: Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 Expertly ; expertness .
early 15c., "person wise through experience," from expert (adj.). The word reappeared 1825 in the legal sense, "person Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 who, by virtue of special acquired knowledge or experience on a subject, presumably not within the knowledge of men generally, may testify in a court of justice to matters of opinion thereon, as distinguished from ordinary witnesses, who can in general testify only to facts" [Century Dictionary].
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word-forming element, in English meaning usually "out of, from," but also "upwards, completely, deprive of, without," and "former;" from Latin ex "out of, from within; from which time, since; according to; in regard to," from PIE *eghs "out" (source also of Gaulish ex- , Old Irish ess- , Old Church Slavonic izu , Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 Russian iz ). In some cases also from Greek cognate ex , ek . PIE *eghs had comparative form *eks-tero and superlative *eks-t(e)r-emo- . Often reduced to e- before -b- , -d- , -g- , consonantal -i- , -l- , -m- , -n- , -v- (as in elude , emerge , evaporate , etc.).
Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to try, risk," an Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 extended sense from root *per- (1) "forward," via the notion of "to lead across, press forward."
It is the hypothetical Expert Option模擬賬戶教程 source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Latin experiri "to try," periculum "trial, risk, danger;" Greek peira "trial, attempt, experience," empeiros "experienced;" Old Irish aire "vigilance;" Old English fær "calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack," German Gefahr "danger," Gothic ferja "watcher.
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